Debian
Debian is a Linux distribution primarily composed of free and open-source software, with the option to include non-free firmware or software.
Developed under the Debian Project and maintained by an important community, this distribution provides a cost-free platform with +65 000 pre-built packages to initiate development. However, time-to-market may be moderate, as additional development is often required to meet the specific demands of embedded systems.
The learning curve for Debian can be steep, and it may have limitations in terms of customization.
While it supports a wide range of hardware, and has been the basement of other distributions (like Raspbian for Raspberry Pi), it is not specifically optimized for embedded Linux applications. Debian’s independence is a notable feature, avoiding vendor lock-in, but it relies on community-based support, which may or may not be sufficient depending on the project’s requirements.
Ubuntu Core
Ubuntu Core is a secure embedded Linux distribution developed by a company named Canonical. Built on Debian, it offers a comprehensive deployment infrastructure that includes over-the-air (OTA) updates, fleet management, and real-time operation support. It utilizes a containerization system to distinctly separate the kernel, OS image, and applications, with independent update mechanisms to prevent corruption.
The distribution benefits from a broad hardware ecosystem, supporting boards from leading System on Module (SOM) and silicon vendors, which ensures extensive compatibility with IoT and edge devices.
However, Ubuntu Core has some drawbacks. Its cost can be high and lacks transparency, particularly as it depends on specific features like OTA updates available through Canonical’s Snap Store. Additionally, it involves vendor lock-in due to its reliance on Canonical’s infrastructure. The OS strict confinement and immutability may also present a steep learning curve for users unfamiliar with these concepts.
Windriver
Wind River Linux is an embedded Linux distribution recognized for its high quality and security, aimed at accelerating time to market. It supports a wide range of hardware.
The distribution includes long-term commercial support with LTS releases, offering over 10 years of support, including maintenance, CVE monitoring, and daily testing.
However, it comes with a cost and involves vendor lock-in with Wind River, which can restrict long-term flexibility for device makers.
The Embedded Kit
The Embedded Kit offers a production- and maintenance-ready Linux distribution, supported by over 20 years of experience with device makers. It requires a one-time fee for access to the source code, which is provided from the outset. This distribution is designed for a rapid time to market while maintaining high standards of quality and security.
Key features of The Embedded Kit distro include minimal Yocto configuration, over-the-air (OTA) updates, secure boot and storage and continuous CVE monitoring. It also supports CI integration, test bench validation, and A/B partitioning for enhanced system reliability and versioning.
The Embedded Kit strong partnerships with SOM and Silicon vendors ensure broad hardware compatibility.
By providing full source code, it avoids vendor lock-in, offering greater flexibility for long-term system maintenance. Additionally, customer support includes direct access to the development team in Europe and the USA, along with detailed technical documentation.
Another option: In-house development
When opting for in-house development, the technical features are meticulously tailored to meet your specific requirements. This approach offers unparalleled customization but comes with notable challenges.
The development process is complex, leading to an extended time to market. While it provides high flexibility and allows you to adapt the hardware ecosystem to your exact needs, the quality and security of the product heavily depend on the team’s expertise and the allocated timeline. Additionally, this method guarantees freedom from vendor lock-in, ensuring full independence. However, it’s important to note that customer support is non-existent in this model, placing all responsibility on your internal team.
Another option 2: Development via a service provider
Engaging a service provider to develop your embedded Linux system offers an approach that is perfectly tailored to your specific needs. The cost can vary significantly, from reasonable to expensive, depending on the project’s complexity. This option typically provides a medium time to market and involves a learning curve, particularly as the provider adapts the system to your requirements. Flexibility is high, and the quality and security of the final product are assured, given the provider’s expertise. The supported hardware ecosystem is customized to fit your project, but there is a degree of dependence on the provider’s skill set. Customer support is a strong point in this model, as you benefit from a dedicated team focused on your project.
Mastering embedded Linux in 2025
Find more information on Linux distributions for embedded systems in this whitepaper. Delve into the ambitions, challenges, pains, and perspectives of your OEM peers in their pursuit of developing and maintaining industrial embedded Linux systems.
